Strategie
di conservazione della biodiversità animale zootecnica
in aree montane[1]
[Strategies for the conservation of farm animal biodiversity
in mountain areas]
Elena
Pagliarino
National
Research Council of Italy
Institute
for Economic Research on Firm and Growth CNR-Ceris,
via Real Collegio 30, 10024 Moncalieri (To), Italy
Abstract:Domestic animal genetic resources (DAnGR) include all
animal species and breeds that have been domesticated and selected during the
past 10000-12000 years to provide a range of products and functions.
Unfortunately, a large number of farm breeds have been lost and many more are
at risk of loss. To disappear, replaced by few high-yielding and specialized
animals, are local breeds. They are adapted to the local environmental and
disease stresses, they need low external inputs and are able to give many
different products (i.e. milk-meat-wool) and services. In few words, they are
sustainable and multipurpose. Mountains are rich in local breeds that are
resistant to inclement conditions of the surrounding environment, plastic
enough to contribute to the self-sufficient economy of mountain communities,
and preserved in genetic purity because of the geographic isolation. The
research compares the strategies adopted in mountain areas for the conservation
of three different sheep breeds facing extinction. Throughout deep-interviews
to various actors (breeders, representatives of breeders’ associations, SME,
public officials, policy makers and researchers), the analysis reveals that in
all case-studies the program of conservation is linked to a wider process of
local development. The research highlights the factors of success or failure,
it analyses the role of the different actors involved in the conservation
program and the relationships among them. It describes the characteristics of
those partnerships between public and private that have some prospects in the
medium-long term.
Keywords:Farm
breeds, conservation, governance, local development, mountains
[1] Questo lavoro è
stato realizzato nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca “Metodi e sistemi per
aumentare il valore aggiunto degli alimenti tradizionali e a vocazione
territoriale nelle zone montane - FIMONT”, finanziato con le risorse del Fondo
Integrativo Speciale per la Ricerca, Programma Strategico “Qualità alimentare e
benessere” ed è stato presentato in occasione della XXXIII Conferenza
Scientifica Annuale dell’AISRe sul tema “Istituzioni, Reti Territoriali e
Sistema Paese: La governance delle relazioni locali – nazionali”, tenuta a Roma
dal 13 al 15 settembre 2012. Si ringraziano i partecipanti alla sessione
“Risorsa o rischio? il contributo delle terre alte allo sviluppo regionale”, in
particolare Fiorenzo Ferlaino, Francesca Rota e Andrea Omizzolo per gli utili
feedback.